Your kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, excess fluids, and toxins from your bloodstream. But when inflammation affects the tiny filtering units of the kidneys, known as glomeruli, it can lead to a serious condition called glomerulonephritis. At The Kidney & Hypertension Center, we understand how overwhelming a kidney diagnosis can be, and we’re here to provide clear, compassionate guidance on what glomerulonephritis is, how it affects your health, and what steps you can take to manage it.
What Is Glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a group of diseases that cause inflammation in the glomeruli — the tiny structures in the kidneys responsible for filtering blood. When these filters become inflamed, they can’t function properly, leading to waste and fluid buildup in the body.
Glomerulonephritis can occur suddenly (acute GN) or develop gradually over time (chronic GN). In some cases, it can be mild and resolve on its own, while in others, it may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even kidney failure if left untreated.
Causes of Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis can have various causes, including:
- Infections: Certain infections, such as strep throat, hepatitis B or C, and endocarditis (infection of the heart valves), can trigger an immune response that leads to GN.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus, IgA nephropathy, and Goodpasture syndrome can cause the immune system to attack the kidneys mistakenly.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels, such as in conditions like ANCA-associated vasculitis, can affect kidney function.
- Genetic Factors: Some forms of GN, like Alport syndrome, run in families.
- Other Underlying Health Conditions: Hypertension and diabetes can contribute to kidney damage and increase the risk of GN.
Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis symptoms can vary depending on the severity and whether the condition is acute or chronic. Some of the most common signs include:
- Blood in the urine (hematuria): Urine may appear pink, brown, or cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells.
- Protein in the urine (proteinuria): This can cause foamy or bubbly urine and may indicate kidney damage.
- Swelling (edema): Fluid buildup can cause swelling in the face, hands, feet, and legs.
- High blood pressure (hypertension): Kidney damage from GN can lead to difficulty controlling blood pressure.
- Fatigue and weakness: Toxin buildup in the body can contribute to overall fatigue.
- Decreased urine output: Some people may notice they’re urinating less than usual.
Because GN symptoms can overlap with other kidney conditions, proper diagnosis is essential.
How Is Glomerulonephritis Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects glomerulonephritis, they may recommend the following tests:
- Urinalysis: A urine test can detect blood, protein, and other abnormalities in the urine.
- Blood tests: Blood work can check kidney function, including creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasounds or CT scans may be used to examine the kidneys.
- Kidney biopsy: A small sample of kidney tissue may be taken to confirm the diagnosis and determine the underlying cause of GN.
Treatment for Glomerulonephritis
Treatment for GN depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In some mild cases, glomerulonephritis may resolve on its own with supportive care. However, for more severe cases, treatment may include:
1. Managing Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can worsen kidney damage, so controlling it is crucial. Your doctor may prescribe:
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs to help lower blood pressure and reduce protein loss in the urine.
- Diuretics to help manage fluid retention and swelling.
2. Treating the Underlying Cause
- If an infection is the cause, antibiotics may be necessary.
- If GN is due to an autoimmune condition, medications like steroids or immunosuppressants may be used to reduce inflammation.
3. Reducing Protein and Salt Intake
A kidney-friendly diet may be recommended, including:
- Limiting sodium (salt): This helps control swelling and blood pressure.
- Monitoring protein intake: While protein is essential, too much can strain the kidneys. Your doctor may recommend adjusting your diet accordingly.
- Managing phosphorus and potassium: In advanced cases, limiting these minerals can help protect kidney function.
4. Lifestyle Changes to Protect Kidney Health
- Quit smoking: Smoking worsens kidney damage and high blood pressure.
- Stay physically active: Regular exercise helps maintain overall health and blood pressure.
- Manage other health conditions: Controlling diabetes and heart disease can reduce the risk of further kidney damage.
5. Dialysis or Kidney Transplant (For Severe Cases)
If GN progresses to kidney failure, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be needed to replace lost kidney function.
Monitoring Your Kidney Health
If you have glomerulonephritis or are at risk, regular checkups with a kidney specialist are essential. Routine monitoring can help detect any changes in kidney function early, allowing for better management and treatment adjustments.
We’re Here to Help
At The Kidney & Hypertension Center, we specialize in comprehensive kidney care and hypertension management to help patients protect their kidney health. Our top-rated providers are dedicated to giving you expert, compassionate care, so you can focus on living well.
If you have concerns about glomerulonephritis or your kidney health, don’t wait. Request an appointment today and take the first step toward expert care and peace of mind.
Your health matters. We’re here to help you manage your kidney health every step of the way.
